Văn học Danh_sách_Kitô_hữu_đoạt_giải

Văn học Danh_sách_Kitô_hữu_đoạt_giải_Nobel

Năm	Người nhận giải	Quốc gia	Hệ phái	Cơ sở lý luận
1902		Theodor Mommsen	Đức	Tin Lành	"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome"[265]
1903		Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson	Hội tụ giữa Thụy Điển và Na Uy	Tin Lành [266]	"as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"[267]
1904		Frédéric Mistral	Pháp	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist"[268]
	José Echegaray	Tây Ban Nha	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"[268]
1905		Henryk Sienkiewicz		Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [269]	"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"[270]
1909		Selma Lagerlöf	Thụy Điển	Thiên Chúa Giáo [271]	"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[272]
1910		Paul von Heyse	Đức	Tin Lành of Jewish descent	"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[273]
1916		Verner von Heidenstam	Thụy Điển Thụy Điển	Thiên Chúa Giáo [274]	"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"[275]
1923		William Butler Yeats	Ireland	Anglica[276]	"for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"[277]
1924		Władysław Reymont	Ba Lan	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [278]	"for his great national epic, The Peasants"[279]
1926		Grazia Deledda	Ý	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [280]	"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[281]
1928		Sigrid Undset	Norway (sinh ra Denmark)	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [282]	"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[283]
1929		Thomas Mann	Đức	Tin Lành (Lutheran)[284][285]	"principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"[286]
1933		Ivan Bunin	Pháp (sinh ra ở Nga)	Chính thống giáo Đông phương	"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"[287]
1938		Pearl S. Buck	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Southern Presbyterian)[288]	"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[289]
1945		Gabriela Mistral	Chile	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [290]	"for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[291]
1946		Hermann Hesse	Thụy Sĩ (sinh ra ở Đức)	Thiên Chúa Giáo [292][293]	"for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"[294]
1947		André Gide	Pháp	Tin Lành [295]	"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"[296]
1948		T. S. Eliot	Anh (sinh ra ở Hoa Kỳ)	Anglican [297][298]	"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"[299]
1949		William Faulkner	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Episcopalian)	"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"[300]
1952		François Mauriac	Pháp	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [301]	"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"[302]
1953		Sir Winston Churchill	Anh	Anh Giáo	"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"[303]
1954		Ernest Hemingway	Hoa Kỳ	Converts to Roman Catholicism[304]	"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"[305]
1955		Halldór Laxness	Iceland	Converts to Roman Catholicism[306]	"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"[307]
1956		Juan Ramón Jiménez	Puerto Rico (sinh ra ở Tây Ban Nha)	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"[308]
1958	75px	Boris Pasternak	Soviet Union	Cải đạo sang Chính thống giáo Đông phương nguồn gốc từ Do Thái Giáo [309]	"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[310]
1961		Ivo Andrić	Yugoslavia (sinh ra ở Áo-Hungary)	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"[311]
1962		John Steinbeck	Hoa Kỳ\| Raised Episcopalian[312] later he become agnostic	"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"[313]
1963		Giorgos Seferis	Hy Lạp (sinh ra ở Ottoman Empire)	Greek Orthodox	"for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"[314]
1967		Miguel Ángel Asturias	Guatemala	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"[315]
1969		Samuel Beckett	Pháp (sinh ra ở Ireland)	Anglican (Church of Ireland)	"for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"[316]
1970		Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn	Soviet Union	Chính thống giáo Đông phương [317]	"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"[318]
1972		Heinrich Böll	Tây Đức	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [319]	"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"[320]
1979		Odysseas Elytis	Greece	Chính thống giáo Hy Lạp	"for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"[321]
1980		Czesław Miłosz	Hoa Kỳ (sinh ra ở Ba Lan)	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [322]	"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"[323]
1982		Gabriel García Márquez	Colombia	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [324]	"for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"[325]
1989		Camilo José Cela	Tây Ban Nha	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"[326]
1990		Octavio Paz	Mexico	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"[327]
1992		Derek Walcott	Saint Lucia	Tin Lành (Methodist)[328]	"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"[329]
1993		Toni Morrison	Hoa Kỳ	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [330]	"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[331]
1999		Günter Grass	Đức	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [332][333]	"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"[334]
2003		J. M. Coetzee	Cộng hòa Nam Phi Australia	Tin Lành [335]	"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"[336]
2008		J. M. G. Le Clézio	Pháp Mauritius	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"[337]
2010		Mario Vargas Llosa	Peru Tây Ban Nha	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [338]	"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"[339]

Hòa Bình

Năm	Người nhận giải	Quốc gia	Hệ phái	Cơ sở lý luận
1902		Élie Ducommun	Thụy Sĩ	Tin Lành	"[For his role as] the first honorary secretary of the International Peace Bureau"[340]
	Charles Albert Gobat	Tin Lành	"[For his role as the] first Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"
1903		William Randal Cremer	Anh	Methodist	"[For his role as the] the 'first father' of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[341]
1905		Bertha von Suttner	Áo-Hungary	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [342]	For authoring Lay Down Your Arms and contributing to the creation of the Prize[24][343]
1906		Theodore Roosevelt	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Dutch Reformed Church)[344]	"[F]or his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case"[24][345]
1907		Ernesto Teodoro Moneta		Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"[For his work as a] key leader of the Italian peace movement"[24][346]
	Louis Renault	Pháp	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"[For his work as a] leading French international jurist and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague"
1909		Auguste Beernaert	Bỉ	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"[For being a] representative to the two Hague conferences, and a leading figure in the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[24][347]
	Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant	Pháp	Tin Lành (Calvinist)	"[For] combined diplomatic work for Pháp–Đức relations\|Franco-German]] và Pháp – Anh relations\|Franco-British understanding]] with a distinguished career in international arbitration"[24][347]
1912		Elihu Root [A]	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Presbyterian)	"[F]or his strong interest in international arbitration and for his plan for a world court"[24][348]
1919		Woodrow Wilson	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Presbyterian)[349]	"[F]or his crucial role in establishing the League of Nations"[24][350]
1921		Hjalmar Branting	Thụy Sĩ	Lutheran ([[Church of Thụy Điển]])[351]	"[F]or his work in the League of Nations"[24][352]
	Christian Lange	Norway	Lutheran ([[Church of Na Uy]])	"[For his work as] the first secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee" and "the secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[24][352]
1925		Austen Chamberlain [A]	Anh	Unitarian [353]	For work on the Locarno Treaties [24][354]
	Charles G. Dawes [A]	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Congregationalist)	"[F]or [work on] the Dawes Plan for German reparations which was seen as having provided the economic underpinning of the Locarno Pact of 1925"[24][354]
1926		Gustav Stresemann	Đức	Tin Lành	For work on the Locarno Treaties [24][355]
1927		Ferdinand Buisson	Pháp	Tin Lành [356]	"[For] contributions to Pháp–Đức relations\|Franco-German]] popular reconciliation"[24][357]
1930		Nathan Söderblom	Thụy Điển	Lutheran (Church of Thụy Điển)	"[F]or his efforts to involve the churches not only in work for ecumenical unity, but also for world peace"[24][358]
1931		Jane Addams	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Presbyterian)[359]	"[F]or her social reform work" and "leading the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[24][360]
	Nicholas Murray Butler	Tin Lành ([[Episcopal Church (Hoa Kỳ)\|Episcopalian]])	"[For his promotion] of the Briand-Kellogg pact" and for his work as the "leader of the more establishment-oriented part of the American peace movement"[24][360]
1934		Arthur Henderson	Anh	Tin Lành (Methodist)[361]	"[F]or his work for the League, particularly its efforts in disarmament"[24][362][363]
1935		Carl von Ossietzky [B]		Tin Lành (Lutheran)[364]	"[For his] struggle against Đức's rearmament"[24][365]
1945		Cordell Hull	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Episcopalian)[366]	"[For] his fight against isolationism at home, his efforts to create a peace bloc of states on the American continents, and his work for the United Nations Organization"[367]
1946		Emily Greene Balch	Hoa Kỳ	Quaker[368]	"Formerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[369]
	John Raleigh Mott	Tin Lành (Methodist)[370]	"Chairman, International Missionary Council; President, World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations"[369]
1947		Friends Service Council	Anh	Quaker	"compassion for others and the desire to help them"[371]
American Friends Service Committee	Hoa Kỳ	Religious Society of Friends (Quaker)
1949		The Lord Boyd-Orr	Anh	Tin Lành (Free Church of Scotland)[372]	"Physician; Alimentary Politician; Prominent organizer and Director, General Food and Agricultural Organization; President, National Peace Council and World Union of Peace Organizations"[373]
1950		Ralph Bunche	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Baptist)[374]	"Professor, Harvard University Cambridge, MA; Director, division of Trusteeship, U.N.; Acting Mediator in Palestine, 1948"[375]
1952		Albert Schweitzer		Thiên Chúa Giáo [376]	"Missionary surgeon; Founder of Lambaréné (République de Gabon)"[377]
1953		George Catlett Marshall	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Episcopalian)[378]	"General President American Red Cross; Former Secretary of State and of Defense; Delegate U.N.; Originator of [the] 'Marshall Plan'"[379]
1957		Lester Bowles Pearson	Canada	Tin Lành (United Church of Canada)[380]	"former Secretary of State for External Affairs of Canada; former President of the 7th Session of the United Nations General Assembly";[381] "for his role in trying to end the Suez conflict and to solve the Middle East question through the United Nations."[24]
1958		Dominique Pire	Bỉ	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"Father in the Dominican Order; Leader of the relief organization for refugees "L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde""[382]
1959		Philip Noel-Baker	Anh	Quaker[383]	"Member of Parliament; lifelong ardent worker for international peace and co-operation"[384]
1960		Albert Lutuli	Cộng hòa Nam Phi (sinh ra ở Southern Rhodesia)	Tin Lành (Methodist)	"President of the African National Congress,"[385] "was in the very forefront of the struggle against apartheid in Cộng hòa Nam Phi."[24]
1961		Dag Hammarskjöld [C]	Thụy Điển	Tin Lành (Lutheran)[386]	"Secretary General of the U.N.,"[387] awarded "for strengthening the organization."[24]
1964		Martin Luther King, Jr.	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Baptist; Progressive National Baptist Convention)	Campaigner for civil rights, "first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence."[388]
1970		Norman E. Borlaug	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Lutheran)	"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center;"[389] "for his contributions to the "green revolution" that was having such an impact on food production particularly in Asia and in Latin America."[24]
1971		Willy Brandt	Tây Đức	Tin Lành (Lutheran)[390]	"[[Chancellor of Đức (Federal Republic)\|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Đức]]; for West Đức's Ostpolitik"[391]
1974		Seán MacBride	Ireland (sinh ra tại Pháp)	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [392]	"President of the International Peace Bureau; President of the Commission of Namibia."[393] "For his strong interest in human rights: piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists"[24]
1976		Betty Williams	Anh	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"Founder[s] of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)"[394]
	Mairead Corrigan	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [395]
1979		Mother Teresa	Albania (sinh ra ở Ottoman Kosovo)	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [396]	"Founder of Missionaries of Charity"[397]
1980		Adolfo Pérez Esquivel	Argentina	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [398]	"Human rights leader;"[399] "founded non-violent human rights organizations to fight the military junta that was ruling his country (Argentina)."[24]
1982		Alfonso García Robles	Mexico	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"[for] his magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition"[400][401]
1983		Lech Wałęsa	Ba Lan	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [402]	"Founder of Solidarność; campaigner for human rights"[403]
1984		Desmond Tutu	Cộng hòa Nam Phi	Tin Lành (Anglican)	"Bishop of Johannesburg; former Secretary General, South African Council of Churches"[404]
1987		Óscar Arias	Costa Rica	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"[405]
1993		Nelson Mandela	Cộng hòa Nam Phi	Tin Lành (Methodist)[406]	"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic Cộng hòa Nam Phi"[407]
	Frederik Willem de Klerk	Tin Lành (Reformed)[408]
1996		Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo	Indonesia	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma	"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."[409]
	José Ramos-Horta	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma
1998		John Hume	Anh	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [410]	"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"[411]
	David Trimble	Tin Lành (Presbyterian)[412][413]
2000		Kim Dae-jung	Hàn Quốc	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [414]	"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"[415]
2001		Kofi Annan	Ghana	Tin Lành [416]	"for his work for a better organized and more peaceful world"[417]
2002		Jimmy Carter	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Baptist)[418]	"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"[419]
2004		Wangari Muta Maathai	Kenya	Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma [420]	"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[421]
2007		Al Gore	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành (Baptist)	"for his efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"[422]
2008		Martti Ahtisaari	Poland	Tin Lành (Lutheran)	"for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"[423]
2009		Barack Obama	Hoa Kỳ	Tin Lành [424]	"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."[425]
2011		Ellen Johnson Sirleaf	Liberia	Tin Lành (Methodist)[3]	"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"[426]
	Leymah Gbowee	Tin Lành (Lutheran)[427]